Monday, May 25, 2020
What Is Literature Essay - 1778 Words
Since the 18th century, the definition of the concept literature has become a problematic and a controversial issue among various literary schools. What is literature? What are the qualities that distinguish a literary text from a non-literary one? Does literature have any particular function in society? These are some crucial questions whose answers were supposed to limit and define the scope of literature. However, various literary and critical schools have advanced different and contradictory responses to these same questions, which have consequently led to a failure in producing an authoritatively established definition of literature. This failure can be ascribed to many reasons, but because the length of the paper doesnt†¦show more content†¦This new sense, which was ascribed to the development of printing, was a specialization Â… to the printed word and especially the printed books with certain quality [imaginative works] (Williams, 46). To elaborate on this definition, R. Wellek and A. Warren have stated that in all of them [the printed books with certain quality], the reference is to the world of fiction, of imagination (Wellek and Warren, Theory of Literature, 25). However, a simple review of the history of prose narrative forms would show that this definition of literature as a category of fictional and imaginative writings is irrelevant. Many writings which were written as anthropological documentaries were making use of fiction, while many other fictional works were given the status of documentary and factual writings. All travelogue writings and western historiography between the middle ages and the twentieth century are good examples to illustrate this point. Works like T.E. Lawrences Seven Pillars of Wisdom, W.M. Thackerays From Cornhill to Cairo, Kingslakes Eothen, and Sir Thomas Mores Utopia made use of both fact and fiction. Moreover, at the time of their appearance, most of these works were conceived of by the western audience as factual and documentary writings. Later on, due to some historical and political changes in the world, these writings became conceived of as fictional and imaginary works.Show MoreRelatedWhat Is Literature Es say689 Words  | 3 Pages12:00 What is Literature? Poems, novels, and stories; these are some of the things that first came to my mind upon pondering on the question What is Literature?. And just lately I have known that literature also includes songs, speeches, plays, and many others in written and spoken forms. I have also known that things that are produced out of creative imagination can be referred as literary works which are the ones that comprise literature. Considering this description of what literature is, theRead MoreWhat Is Literature Review?3725 Words  | 15 Pages 4. What is literature review? Discuss in not less than 2000 words Introduction: as a general rule, researchers should first investigate previous research to see whether or not others may have already addressed similar research problems and must acquaint themselves with the relevant literature. Literature review is used to help the researcher link concepts from other sources to his or her research, a good literature review require a balance. A literature review often forms part of a larger researchRead MoreWhat Is Literature Writing?2296 Words  | 10 Pagesdistinguishable from other pieces of writing by their creative, or artistic intent. A piece of literature differs from a specialised treatises on astronomy, political economy, philosophy, or even history, in part because it appeals, not to a particular class of readers only, but to men and women; and in part because, while the object of the treatise is simply to impart knowledge, one ideal end of the piece of literature, whether it also imparts knowledge or not, is to yield aesthetic satisfaction by the mannerRead MoreEssay on What Is Literature and Why Study Literature711 Words  | 3 PagesWhat is Literature? Why Study Literature? At often times, literature is thought of as lackluster works and long books and passages. People often think that literature is one thing, not knowing that it is in actuality composed of several elements that we all use in our daily lives. In order to get a clear understanding of exactly what literature is, we must first identify the definition. According to Merriam- Webster, literature is defined as the body of written works produced in a particularRead MoreWhat Is The Concept Of Change In Literature1627 Words  | 7 Pagesbook is deeper and how the author uses right describing details. Also the effective story-writing of Walter Dean Myers. Character Theory Chapter â€Å"The Greatest, Muhammad Ali†by Walter Dean Myers, the book is about Muhammad Ali and his life what he did. I think the character theory is not just Ali boxing throughout the book, its also about him standing up to segregation and the Vietnam War. One peice evidence that supports my theory. Is because of his religion he shouldn’t have to go toRead MoreLiterature Review on What Is Strategy1840 Words  | 8 Pagesthe Michael Porter (1996) literature ‘what is strategy’; one of the concept of the organization strategy can be understood as being â€Å"different†from the competitors and so with the different end outcome and added value to the organization as a long-term advantages. It means that, an industry or organization could be operated in a different way than it`s competitor, which will allow to achieve long-term value creation. In other words; strategy can be understood as, what are the organization uniqueRead More What Christian Literature Is Essay4677 Words  | 19 PagesWhat Christian Literature Is Lewis here writes about Christianity and literature, specifically what is Christian literature and how does it differ with secular literature. He read this paper to a religious society at Oxford fairly early in his Christian walk. The question he seems to be answering is, What is Christian literature? His main argument is that the rules for good literature are the same for both Christian and non-Christian. He writes, The rules for writing a good passion play orRead MoreWhat Does Ethnic Literature Mean?994 Words  | 4 PagesWhat does ethnic literature mean? We all have some ethnicity in us that is different than the rest, so doesn’t that mean that all of our literary contributions make up that of American ethnic literature? Before the Civil War, many of the minority people of America started writing poems, songs, and other types of literature that helped describe what life was like in America as an outsider in the â€Å"white†world. These writings became the beginnings of what is now called American ethnic literature.Read MoreWhat ´s a Literature Review? Essays1818 Words  | 8 PagesIntroduction A literature review is a study written by someone on a specific topic by researching relevant literature available and interpreting it (Aveyard, 2010). A research question is developed and by using relevant literature the question is analysed in detail (Aveyard, 2010). The literature review is important because it gives you a shorter version of all relevant literature on the topic chosen, this is so the reader does not have to access the number of literatures used (Aveyard, 2010).Read MoreLiterature Is Not Only What We Read, Reflecting On The1522 Words  | 7 PagesLiterature is not only what we read, reflecting on the context in which it is written in. The role of value of judgement in the reading of literature is almost part of the world, involving systems of valuations between literary texts and authors. Value of judgement is between the rightness and wrongness of something or someone in context with the utility of importance. The value of judgement in the reading of literature is much more complicated, pointing out the
Monday, May 18, 2020
More Than, As Often As...These Are Comparative Adverbs
Comparative adverbs express relative superiority or inferiority. Superiority, the idea that something is more or (greater) than something else, is expressed with plus in French. Inferiority, meaning that something is less than something else, is stated with moins. You can also express equality with comparatives, to state that something is as (great) as something else; in French, there are two possible equivalents to this: aussi and autant. French Comparatives 1. In French comparatives, you use stressed pronouns after que, rather than subject pronouns. For example, Il est plus grand que moi Hes taller than me.2. Comparative adverbs are most commonly used with adjectives, but you can also use them with adverbs, verbs, and nouns. These comparisons have slightly different constructions for each part of speech. Click in the summary table below for detailed lessons. Construction of French Comparative Adverbs Comparisons with... Required word order Adjectives plus/moins/aussi + adjective + que + noun/pronoun plus/moins/aussi + adjective + que + adjective plus/moins/aussi + adjective + que + temporal adverb Adverbs plus/moins/aussi + adverb + que + noun/pronoun plus/moins/aussi + adverb + que + adverb plus/moins/aussi + adverb + que + temporal adverb Nouns plus/moins/autant de + noun + que + noun/pronoun plus/moins/autant de + noun + que + de + noun plus/moins/autant de + noun + que + temporal adverb Verbs verb + plus/moins/autant que + noun/pronoun verb + plus/moins/autant que + pronoun (+ ne) + verb verb + plus/moins/autant que + temporal adverb  When comparing with adjectives, use plus (adjective) que for superiority, moins (adjective) que for inferiority, and aussi (adjective) que for equality.Adjective: vert (green)   plus vert (greener)   moins vert (less green)   aussi vert (as green)Like all adjectives, the adjectives used in comparatives have to agree with the nouns that they modify, and therefore have different forms for masculine, feminine, singular, and plural. The comparative itself, however, is invariable:Masculine singular   plus vert (greener)   moins vert (less green)   aussi vert (as green)Feminine singular   plus verte (greener)   moins verte (less green)   aussi verte (as green)Masculine plural   plus verts (greener)   moins verts (less green)   aussi verts (as green)Feminine plural   plus vertes (greener)   moins vertes (less green)   aussi vertes (as green)Note: The above i s true for all adjectives except bon and mauvais, which have special comparative forms for superiority. Types of Comparisons with Adjectives 1. Compare two nouns with one adjective.   David est plus fier que Jeanne.   David is prouder than Jeanne.   Jeanne est moins fià ¨re que David.   Jeanne is less proud than David.2. Compare one noun with two adjectives.   Jean est aussi riche que travailleur.   Jean is as rich as (he is) hard-working.   Jeanne est plus sympa quintelligente.   Jeanne is nicer than (she is) smart.3. Compare an adjective over time.   Jean est moins stricte quavant.   Jean is less strict than before.   Jeanne est aussi belle que toujours.   Jeanne is as beautiful as ever. Note: You can also make an implied comparison to any of the above by leaving out que.  Jean est plus grand.   Jean is taller.   Jeanne est moins fià ¨re.   Jeanne is less proud. When comparing with adverbs, use plus (adverb) que for superiority, moins (adverb) que for inferiority, and aussi (adverb) que for equality.Adverb: prudemment (carefully)   plus prudemment (more carefully)   moins prudemment (less carefully)   aussi prudemment (as carefully)Note: The adverb bien has a special comparative form when expressing superiority. Types of Comparisons with Adverbs 1. Compare two nouns with one adverb.   Jean lit plus lentement que Luc.  Jean reads more slowly than Luc.    Jeanne à ©crit moins souvent que Luc.   Jeanne writes less often than Luc.2. Compare one noun with two adverbs.   Jean travaille aussi vite que gentiment.   Jean works as quickly as (he does) helpfully.   Jeanne à ©crit plus soigneusement quefficacement.   Jeanne writes more carefully than (she does) efficiently.3. Compare an adverb over time.   Jean mange plus poliment quavant.   Jean eats more politely than before.   Jeanne parle aussi fort que toujours.   Jeanne speaks as loudly as ever.Note: You can also make an implied comparison to any of the above by leaving out que.   Jean lit plus lentement.   Jean reads more slowly.   Jeanne à ©crit moins souvent.   Jeanne writes less often. When comparing with nouns, use plus de (noun) que for superiority, moins de (noun) que for inferiority, and autant de (noun) que for equality.Noun: livre (book)   plus de livres (more books)   moins de livres (fewer books)   autant de livres (as many books) Types of Comparisons with Nouns 1. Compare the amount of a noun between two subjects.   Jean veut autant damis que Luc.   Jean wants as many friends as Luc (has).   La France a plus de vin que lAllemagne.   France has more wine than Germany.2. Compare two nouns (note that the second noun must also be preceded by de).   Jean a plus dintelligence que de bon sens.   Jean has more brains than sense.   Jeanne a autant damis que dennemis.   Jeanne has as many friends as enemies.3. Compare a noun over time.   Jean connaà ®t moins de gens quavant.   Jean knows fewer people than (he did) before.   Jeanne a autant didà ©es que toujours.   Jeanne has as many ideas as ever.Note: You can also make an implied comparison to any of the above by leaving out que.   Jean veut autant damis.   Jean wants as many friends.   La France a plus de vin.   France has more wine. When comparing verbs, use (verb) plus que for superiority, (verb) moins que for inferiority, and (verb) autant que for equality.Verb: voyager (to travel)   voyager plus (to travel more)   voyager moins (to travel less)   voyager autant (to travel as much) Types of Comparisons with Verbs 1. Compare a verb between two subjects.   Jean travaille plus que Luc.   Jean works more than Luc (does).   Jeanne a à ©tudià © autant que Luc.   Jeanne studied as much as Luc (did).2. Compare two verbs.*   Jean rit autant quil pleure.   Jean laughs as much as he cries.   Jeanne travaille plus quelle ne joue.   Jeanne works more than she plays.*When comparing two verbs, you need:  a) a pronoun referring back to the subject in front of the second verb  b) after plus and moins, the ne explà ©tif before the second verb3. Compare a verb over time.   Jean lit moins quavant.   Jean reads less than (he did) before.   Jeanne à ©tudie autant que toujours.   Jeanne studies as much as always.Note: You can also make an implied comparison to any of the above by leaving out que.   Jean travaille plus.   Jean works more.   Jeanne a à ©tudià © autan t.   Jeanne a à ©tudià © autant. Additional Resources French comparatives and superlativesIntroduction to comparativesComparatives with adjectivesComparatives with adverbsComparatives with nounsComparatives with verb
Friday, May 15, 2020
Preventing and Controlling Sooty Mold Tree Disease
Sooty mold appropriately and exactly describes the disease, as it looks just like chimney soot. Ascomycete fungi, which includes many genera, commonly Cladosporium and Alternaria are usually the offending fungal organisms. Although unsightly, it seldom damages the tree but it can look nasty in the landscape. The pathogens are dark fungi growing either on the honeydew excreted by sucking insects or on exuded sap material coming from leaves of certain trees. These sucking insects can include aphids and scale insects and sooty mold may occur on any tree but is most commonly seen on boxelder, elm, linden, and especially maple trees. More on Honeydew Honeydew is a sugary, sticky liquid secreted by sucking, piercing insects as they feed on plant sap. The insect feeds itself by using a special mouthpart that penetrates the soft tissues of plant foliage, soft stems and most particularly for aphids, the tender underside of leaves. These soft-bodied insects produce the honeydew as a liquid waste product via the gut but will not harm your tree. Its a real problem on everything beneath and around the tree that is exposed to the syrup and then colonized by sooty mold. Prevention of Sooty Mold Sooty molds are associated with high temperatures and increased stress brought on by limited moisture. During drought, aphid populations and their honeydew production typically increase on foliage undergoing moisture stress. One prevention method for the mold is keeping plants and trees well-watered and controlling the soft-bodied insect population is very important. Control of Sooty Mold Sooty molds can be indirectly controlled by reducing populations of sucking insects that excrete honeydew. Use the appropriate recommended chemicals that control aphids and other sucking insects. The appropriate chemicals your trees need for these sucking insects might be applying horticultural oil during the dormant season followed by an insect growth regulator in the mid-summer. Also, a good washing of infested trees foliage (if possible) can dilute the honeydew and wash off the mold. This alone may be all that is needed.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Economics Of Happiness Is Useful For Assess Overall...
Introduction (Given) There has always been interest in understanding what makes people happy (Thus) The economics of happiness is important to improve policy that impacts well-being (How) By using longitudinal data and original research to draw conclusions on happiness Chapter 1: The Economics of Happiness (Given) The economics of happiness is useful to assess overall welfare of an individual (Thus) Economics of happiness is complementary to income-based measurements of welfare (Because 1) Income-based measurements of happiness provide limited information (Because 2) Easterlin Paradox reveals methodological challenges of the economics of happiness, remains unresolved across countries (For example) People answer questions in a†¦show more content†¦(Thus) Development levels are unimportant in deciding on determinants of happiness (Because 1) Across studies, wealth and employment lead to higher levels of happiness (For example) Russia and Latin America share similarities with the United States, including marriage, employment, education, health (Because 2) Surveys across developing nations reveal similar patterns across populations (For example) Central Asian ethnic minorities happiness is largely based on income and socio-economic status (For example) Cuba and Eastern Europe are similar as a result of economic transitions
Perfect Competition - 2278 Words
Pure Competition ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 21-1 Briefly state the basic characteristics of pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Under which of these market classifications does each of the following most accurately fit? (a) a supermarket in your hometown; (b) the steel industry; (c) a Kansas wheat farm; (d) the commercial bank in which you or your family has an account; (e) the automobile industry. In each case justify your classification. Pure competition: very large number of firms; standardized products; no control over price: price takers; no obstacles to entry; no nonprice competition. Pure monopoly: one firm; unique product: with no close substitutes; much control over price: price†¦show more content†¦What can you conclude about the structure of the industry in which this firm is operating? Explain. b. Graph the demand, total-revenue, and marginal-revenue curves for this firm. c. Why do the demand and marginal-revenue curves coincide? d. â€Å"Marginal revenue is the chang e in total revenue associated with additional units of output.†Explain verbally and graphically, using the data in the table. Total revenue, top to bottom: 0; $2; $4; $6; $8; $10. Marginal revenue, top to bottom: $2, throughout. (a) The industry is purely competitiveâ€â€this firm is a â€Å"price taker.†The firm is so small relative to the size of the market that it can change its level of output without affecting the market price. (b) See graph. (c) The firm’s demand curve is perfectly elastic; MR is constant and equal to P. (d) True. Table: When output (quantity demanded) increases by 1 unit, total revenue increases by $2. This $2 increase is the marginal revenue. Figure: The change in TR is measured by the slope of the TR line, 2 (= $2/1 unit). 320 Pure Competition 21-4 (Key Question) Assume the following cost data are for a purely competitive producer: Average fixed cost $60.00 30.00 20.00 15.00 12.00 10.00 8.57 7.50 6.67 6.00 Average variable cost $45.00 42.50 40.00 37.50 37.00 37.50 38.57 40.63 43.33 46.50 Average total cost $105.00 72.50 60.00Show MoreRelatedPerfect Competition and Monopoly1722 Words  | 7 PagesQuestion 3 Perfect Competition and Monopoly (a) I. Explain perfect competition and monopoly market structures, and identify the key factors that distinguish them. Perfect Competition Market In economic theory, the perfect competition is a market form in which no producer or consumer has the power to influence prices in the market. According to the website wordIQ.com, in order to classify the market is a perfect competition market, the market must match below criteria: 1. ThereRead MoreCompetition : Perfect Competition Is An Economic Concept Essay1157 Words  | 5 Pages Question 7 Perfect competition: Perfect competition is an economic concept, there are lots of seller’s sells homogeneous products in the market and there are many buyers. There are no barriers to enter into the market. Furthermore both the buyers and sellers have good information regarding price so that sellers can offer a competitive price to the buyers and also buyers can compare the price to have the best choice. Monopolistic competition: Monopolistic competition is market structure in whichRead MoreMonopoly, Perfect Competition, Imperfect Competition5614 Words  | 23 Pagestheory of perfect competition 3 Section 2: The theory of monopoly 9 Section 3: The theory of monopolistic competition and oligopoly 13 Section 4: Resource allocation/externalities 19 Section 5: Suggested solutions 23 INTRODUCTION There are basically two types of market situation: (a) Perfect competition – in this market, firms have no influence; they are price takers. (b) Imperfect competition – this market includes monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition; firms areRead MorePerfect Competition Essay example1950 Words  | 8 PagesPerfect Competition Perfect competition is an idealised market structure theory used in economics to show the market under a high degree of competition given certain conditions. This essay aims to outline the assumptions and distinctive features that form the perfectly competitive model and how this model can be used to explain short term and long term behaviour of a perfectly competitive firm aiming to maximise profits and the implications of enhancing these profits further. In a perfectlyRead MorePerfect Competition1463 Words  | 6 PagesPerfect Competition In economic theory, perfect competition describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the market power to set the price of a homogeneous product. Because the conditions for perfect competition are strict, there are few if any perfectly competitive markets. Still, buyers and sellers in some auction-type markets, say for commodities or some financial assets, may approximate the concept. Perfect competition serves as a benchmark against which to measureRead MoreThe Market For Textbooks Is Characterized By Perfect Competition2279 Words  | 10 Pagesmarket for textbooks is characterized by perfect competition. In economic theory, perfect competition in the market applies where none of the participants has the market power of setting a price of a homogeneous (identical) product. Basically, a perfectly competitive market exists when every participant is a â€Å"price taker†and cannot influence the price of the product it buys or sells. There are certain characteristics which describe the perfect competition, however the conditions are strict and someRead MoreWhy perfect competition is the best market structure2301 Words  | 9 Pagesï » ¿ Why perfect competition Executive Summary This report provides information related to the four main market structures and why perfect competition is the most efficient. Features of four market structures and comparison of monopoly and perfect competition. Perfect completion is most efficient Subject matter Details Conclusions Introduction Market structure is best defined as the organizational and other characteristicsRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Perfect Competition1466 Words  | 6 Pagesthese important questions that will help the mayor understand the structures of many of the businesses in his city: Describe each market structure discussed in the course (perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly) and discuss two of the market characteristics of each market structure. Perfect competition describes a marketplace that no one participant can set the market price of an exchangeable product. This is generally considered an ideal, rarely found in markets todayRead MoreWhat Is Perfect Competition Promotes Market Efficiencies1670 Words  | 7 PagesMarkets are typically divided into four sectors; perfect competition, pure monopolies, monopolistic competition and oligopolies. There are two factors that influence which sector an industry fits into, one being the number of competing firms and the other being barriers to entry. Commensurate with these are different pricing options and strategies undertaken by various firms to reach optimal profit maximization. Altogether, each market contains specific intricacies which effect supply and demandRead MorePerfect Competition vs Monopoly1378 Words  | 6 PagesMS (perfect competition) Vs Thames Water (monopoly) At one end is perfect competition where there are very many firms competing against each other. Every firm is so tiny in relation to the entire trade that has no power to manipulate price. It is a ‘price taker’. At the other end is monopoly, where there is just a single firm in the industry, and for this reason no competition from inside the industry. Perfect competition e.g. Marks Spencer, they have many competitors such as, Asda, Next
Triumph of Humility and Fierce Resolve †Free Samples to Students
Question: Discuss about the Triumph of Humility and Fierce Resolve. Answer: Introduction: According to Collins (2005), organizations can become great when their leader is at level 5, a chief executive officer (CEO) who is capable of blending genuine personal humility with an intense professional will. Collins (2005) acknowledge that level 5 is the highest hierarchy of leadership capabilities in any organization. These kinds of leaders can drive their respective companies from great to greatness. However, the other levels of leadership (highly capable individual, contributing team member, competent manager, and effective leader) can produce results but not up to level 5, where we have the executive, to elevate organizations from mediocrity to sustainable excellence (Collins, 2005). As such, for companies to survive the current competitive business environment, their leaders must stand out as well as possess the strong professional will and personal humility. At level 5, executives demonstrate an unwavering decision to do everything possible with an aim of producing the bes t long-term results irrespective of the challenges that may come their way (Collins, 2006). Moreover, they exercise personal humility by demonstrating a compelling modesty, while shunning public adulation, and never boastful of their achievement. Applying the concepts of "level 5 leaders" Westpac Bank Australia CEO, Brian Hartzer (Westpac Group, 2018), ideally fits the cadre of a level 5 leader. According to Smith (2017), Westpac Group (2015), and Upton (2015), Brian has been the face of transformation at Westpac Bank. He has led various innovative projects that have sustained the bank's performance to date. Westpac Group (2015) acknowledge that various strategies (service leadership, digital transformation, performance discipline, new growth highways, and workforce revolution) implemented by the management through Brian has inspired growth and success of the organization. Furthermore, Upton (2015) and Smith (2017) describes Westpac Bank CEO to possess the strong professional will and personal humility. As such, the CEO is a level 5 leader. Despite Brian Hartzer being a transformational and innovative leader, there are challenges that every successful organization face, to which, he is not an exemption. Such challenges include; severe limits of time, unpredictability, an expectation of change, the personification of the company, and visibility. Other additional challenges are; obtaining the right information, limits of power, reporting to the board of directors, and broader scope of operations. Therefore, this report will highlight the evidence of each challenge in respect to Brian Hartzer as the CEO of Westpac Bank Australia. Porter and Nohria (2010) acknowledge that CEO's are at the epitome of decision making in any organization. They exercise ultimate power and have the responsibility of making critical decisions. Nevertheless and Nohria (2010) observes that despite CEO's being the epitome of decision making, they do not make all decisions. Interestingly, they report to the board of directors for decisions made within the company. As such, Brian Hartzer has the responsibility of reporting to the board of Westpac Group on the progress of the company. If anything goes wrong, it is the responsibility of the CEO to respond to such unfortunate occurrences to the board. Therefore, reporting to the board put CEO's at cross-roads on responding to miscalculated decisions made by junior employees. It poses a challenge to their competence especially if the decision hurt the company's finances. As stated by Westpac Group (2018), Westpac is the oldest company in Australia and the leading banking institution in New Zealand. With such breadth of operations, Westpac Group has broader operations that may pose a challenge to the management. Notably, Westpac Group (2017) annual report shows that Westpac Group engages in various business activities like consumer banking, business banking, ATM alliance, Westpac Institutional Bank, Westpac New Zealand, BT financial group, Pacific banking, Westpac Migrant Banking, and Banking alliance for women plus sixteen subsidiaries. Such a broad base of operations present accountability challenges to the CEO. Making decisions and overlooking the entire operations requires professional will and personal humility (Collins, 2005). Lacking such level 5 leadership qualities can lead to the collapse of a company. Another challenge CEOs face is the limits of power. Lafley (2009) observe that CEOs are answerable to the board of directors. Every important company decision should seek the permission of the board. Moreover, the board of directors evaluates and accept the proposal or reject. In this scenario, CEOs are limited to major organizational decisions they make. As such, Brian Hartzer, being a CEO, he is affected by such limits of their power. When there are issues or problems to be sorted in any organization, getting the right information is key to finding lasting solutions. However, CEOs of large organizations like Westpac Group may find it challenging to obtain the right information from a subsidiary. For example, obtaining the right information from Hastings Forestry Investments Limited (Westpac Group, 2017), a subsidiary of Westpac Group, may be a challenge if the management of the subsidiary is engaging in unethical activities. Therefore, CEOs may obtain manipulated information from various managers who are not level 5 leaders which may harm the company. CEOs often face visibility challenges in day to day running of their organizations. In essence, leaders can only fix what they can see and manage only what they are aware of (Hassell, 2017). Lacking visibility can hinder the performance of a company. Moreover, visibility enables CEOs to give other managers the confidence to let employees do their jobs. However, granting such freedom may cost the company if employees operate outside the vision of the company. And when employees make mistakes, the management are the ones held responsible, and as such, answerable to the board. Hassell (2017) observes that managers who lack visibility of their companies often tend to personify the company. They develop a tendency to want to do everything and pressuring managers to do what they want irrespective of the laid down performance charter. In a bid to perform and seek validation from the board of directors, some CEOs control their middle-level managers. Collins (2005) recommends that competent managers organize people and resources to enhance the efficient and effective pursuit of the organizational objective which some CEOs overstep to make it a personal business. Upon commencing their duties, CEOs are faced with the expectation of high performance within a short period of time. The time horizon put by the owner or board of directors pressure CEOs thus presenting performance challenges to them. They are required and expected to bring major results and changes to the table starting week one. It is only level 5 leaders with a strong personal will to accommodate such challenges (Collins, 2005). Porter and Nohria (2010) acknowledge that CEOs are expected to bring change to organizations they lead. However, the time frame to inspire that change may be short to achieve required outcome. At times, the company may be having limited resources and yet they are required to achieve goals of their companies. Customers, on the other hand, do expect change from new CEOs which may not be achievable to their expectations. Another challenge that CEOs face is the unpredictability of the market. Stiff competition, technological changes, and unpredictable consumer demand may lead to loses which complicate the lives of CEOs. Post (2017) observes that marketplace competition, market oversaturation, and virtual workplace are increasingly taking over some businesses. Westpac Group CEO has to think ahead to avert any possibility of being found unaware. Therefore, this calls for constant research to avoid a collapse of any nature (Porter Nohria, 2010). According to Porter and Nohria (2010), CEOs have the responsibility to spearhead the vision and mission of their companies. Like Brian Hartzer, more responsibility on their way present severe limits of time. His attention is required within the headquarters and other subsidiaries. Moreover, he has to deliver on the organizational mandate. As such, CEOs like Brian may work late into the night to just complete daily responsibilities. This is a real challenge that faces CEOs. Moreover, leaders at level 5 can build enduring greatness by combining professional will plus personal humility to succeed. References Collins, J. (2005). Level 5 Leadership: the Triumph of Humility.On leadership, 10. Collins, J. (2006). Level 5 leadership: The triumph of humility and fierce resolve.Managing Innovation and Change,234. Hassell, D. (2017). To succeed in business, managers need more visibility. Retrieved from https://www.15five.com/blog/succeed-business-managers-need-visibility/ Lafley, A.G. (2009). What only the CEO can do. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2009/05/what-only-the-ceo-can-do Porter, M.E. Nohria, N. (2010). What is Leadership? The CEOs Role in Large, Complex Organizations. Post, J. (2017). The 10 biggest challenges for CEOs in 2017. Retrieved from https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/3625-new-year-challenges.html Smith, P. (2017). Brian Hartzer backs tech to be driving force as Westpac enters third century. Financial Review. Retrieved from https://www.afr.com/technology/enterprise-it/brian- hartzer-backs-tech-to-be-driving-force-as-westpac-enters-its-third-century-20170330- gva3ek Upton, L. (2015). What makes new Westpac CEO Brian Hartzer tick. Ruby Connection. Retrieved from https://rubyconnection.com.au/insights/ruby-picks/westpac-ceo-brian- hartzer-exclusive.aspx Westpac Group, (2015). Brian Hartzer, Westpac Chief Executive Officer, Westpac Group. Third Century Banking. Trans-Tasman Business Circle. Sydney. Retrieved from https://www.westpac.com.au/docs/pdf/aw/media/key-note- speeches/Brian_Hartzer,_Third_Century_Banking,_Sydney.pdf Westpac Group, (2017). Annual report. Proudly supporting Australia for 200 years. Retrieved from https://www.westpac.com.au/content/dam/public/wbc/documents/pdf/aw/ic/2017_Westpa c_Annual_Report_Web_ready__Bookmarked.pdf Westpac Group, (2018). The Executive Team. Retrieved from https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/executive-team/
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Minaret Building and Apprenticeship †Free Samples to Students
Question: Discuss about the Minaret Building and Apprenticeship. Answer: Introduction Architectural design seeks integrating engineering and architectural into various potential ways that blends innovative design of architecture with top-notch engineering concepts. The current essay analyses and critically evaluates Bond Bryans Sandwell College UK. Sandwell College situated in Spon Lane, West Bromwich accommodates around 10000 part time and full time students in a single structure. It depicts a neo-futuristic architectural design with a distinctive waveform roof that features AshZip standing seam system of roof in stucco-embossed aluminum. The building has a high quality BREEAM rating as well as the 130-meter long AshZip roof system with optimized weathertight integrity. The AshZip was installed as a double skin roof construction that includes quilt insulation as well as linear panel that helps in achieving U value of 0. 20 Watt per meter square Kelvin (0.20 W/m2K). The neo-futuristic elements of architecture have become an integral element for the creative process-ge nerating emergence of artistic modes that would have been impossible before the advent of computer technology. Sandwell College is an example of such materially rich and complex structure. Bond Bryan and Interserve uses the word Jigsaw for describing the convoluted and rapid process of reservation and understanding of Sandwell College. The current essay has analyzed and evaluated the design of Sandwell College and commented on the architect designs in institutions significance of the project. Sandwell College has also been compared to other similar neo futuristic buildings of UK. The AshZip elements contribute towards high-precision concave areas as well as tight convex eaves. The AshZip spacer support has been fitted around roof perimeter zones for providing extra protection against wind uplift. Adequate wind and snow load analysis have been undertaken in the construction that outstand the design flexibility and configuration with unique benefits of seamless integration (Mcrma.co.u k, 2017). Neo futuristic architecture projects traditional aesthetics, and depicts the contemporary life that is based on two critical issues of motion and machine. According to Ballantyne (2013), futuristic architecture includes simplicity integrated with dynamics of architecture reinforced in concrete, steel, glass, iron, cardboard, textile fiber, substitute softwood, brick and stone that helps in incorporating maximum lightness and flexibility. Neo futuristic architecture also exhibits extreme strength and quality (Bashir, 2015). Neo futuristic architecture through initiates calculation and designs using computer based structural analysis and drafting software. Horizontal and perpendicular lines are not used in futuristic architecture, instead oblique lines and elliptical lines are used which are largely dynamic and have an expressive power higher compared to that of horizontal and perpendicular lines. A fundamental characteristic of futuristic architecture includes transition as well as wi ll lapse. With increase in technology and extended computer aided tools, machinery and techniques, the construction, design and drafting of complex architectures have become very easy. As per Ching (2014), the complex architectures are supported by detailed structural analysis and design methods that provide solution to extremely impossible solution to highly complicated structures and impart strength and durability to them. Unlike olden times, structures presently are not constructed with resources based on experience estimation but on detailed mathematical estimation for making the project economically feasible (Ching, 2014). Sandwell College is a seven storey tall, state-of-the-art campus building centrally located at West Bromwich. The college in UK has an iconic architecture that replaces other former campuses as well as accommodations of about 10000 full as well as students of part-time within a single, modern, ultra purpose location built (Crinson, 2013). Facilities at the new building central campus includes centre for specialist automotive, hairdressing and beauty salon, suites for computer, engineering and science laboratories, workshops for construction, studios of photography and fashion, a sports hall and a 170 seated theatre (Dovey, 2014). The trainee dental nurses help in practicing the simulated surgery as well as tourism students gets the opportunity to get training in a refurbished Boeing 737 aircraft. The cabin has been provided to them to get a hand on experience of a plane in working condition. According to Hale (2015), the total area for the building is around 25000 m2, which has a dis tinctive and beautiful waveform roof. The roof features Ash and Lacys AshZip system of standing seam roof in aluminum stucco-embossed. The building has received a good rating as per BREEAM standard and the total length of the roof sheets is optimization providing weather tight integrity (Kalogirou, 2015). AshZip roof provides zero penetration roofing systems that enhance the flowing waveform roofs. Pre formed AshZip elements helps in contributing towards tight convex eaves and concave areas. AshZip has been installed as an integrated double skin construction for roof that includes quilt insulation system and panel liner for achieving a U value of approximately 0.20 W/m2K (Krrholm, 2014). Full height and extruded halters were deployed for reducing the installation time when compared to top sheet attachment methods. 100 mm Ash and Ash grid spacer supports is used for providing extra wind uplift protection. Ash and Lacy also provided technical support for designing the team through completion of early stages. The involvement included snow and wind load analysis that was undertaken in conjunction with engineer of the project. Detailed audits and site inspection of construction were undertaken during construction as well (Kim et al. 2015). Sandwell College also demonstrates AshZip desing flexibility that helps in configuration of curves of wide ranges and waveforms such as taperes, steel coated, zinc and copper finishes. AshZip is approved by the BBA offering unique benefits of seamless integration that helps Ash and Lacy to be comprehensive and envelope building solution as well as components. Sandwell College has a product of AshZip (Leatherbarrow, 2015). The primary architect being Bond Bryan Architects, main contractors of bond Bryan College is Interserve. The structure has been designed by Sinclair Knight Merz and serves for education purpose. Bond Bryan has 48 employed architects that designed Sandwell College. West Bromwich where Sandwell College is located is a small town northwest to Birmingham having a total population of 75405 (Liou, 2014). It has a long history before 12th Century making the town a connection between Shrewbusy and London. The town generally contains Victorian era buildings in abundance. After World War I of 1914, the houses built for the local inhabitants became unfit for habitation by humans, as they were old and unhygienic. According to Mac Ginty (2013), the sanitation was very much inadequate with decaying and the homes were becoming danger to safety and health of the inhabitants. After the world war was over, local councils of West Bromwich started to build new homes for providing shelter to people that have lost their homes. However, numerous 19th and 20th century buildings are present in West Bromwich. The first council housing was built in 1920 on the estate of Tantany to the North of town ce ntre (Marchand, 2017). West Bromwich council of County Borough in the region built several council houses. Largest development of houses developed in the Northern town that included Estate of Charlemont Farm around Walsall Road as well as estate of Friar Park, which is near to borders of Wednesbury. The Sandwell Council had borrowed a total amount of 70 million GBP for leasing it to Sandwell College that provides the new sixth centre form for complementing the recently opened town central campus. Tesco that helps in development of extra store as well as shopping centres known as the New Square built on top of old hospital has procured a large portion of the town. The only two modern neo futuristic architectures in West Bromwich are The public and The Square (Mcrma.co.uk.web18.testurl.co.uk, 2017). The public is an art and venue gallery built for multipurpose in West Bromwich, West Midlands, England. The art centre provided the largest Tesco, a multiplex cinema, retail centers and restaurants. The public is developed by Will Alsop architects creating attraction to around 400000 visitors each year brining leading international and national artists to town. New Square is a leisure and shopping venue located in West Bromwich with over 40 restaurants and shops including Tesco extra, Card factory, Charlie Brown and other major brands of the area (Martindale, 2017). Although The public and New Square both are considered, as grade A buildings of West Bromwich, Sandwell College has a better aesthetic view and beauty integrated with serenity in the architecture compared to other two buildings. The public follows a linear block architecture that is patterned outside with vibrant color and exotically designed windows. The windows glow at night providing a mysterious outlook in the dark. The windows are patterned non-uniformly that depicts blend of linear with non-linear structure. The color that has been chosen for the structure is charcoal black with pink shading to create a vibrant catchy and trendy outlook. It depicts a feminine outlook and the lighting is distinctive making it look fresh and new. The square on the other hand has a white linear structure. It is a simple structure with some outstanding glass decorations outside the buildings. According to Murphy (2013), different shops and retail outlets are scattered in a linear fashion throughout the building. The building rather depicts an open courtyard gathering numerous shops being clustered as a family. Finally, Sandwell College depicts a wavy structure with a sober color matching the surroundings. The neo futuristic architecture provides a full purpose utility roofing systems that serves as an excellent aesthetic purpose as well as drains storm water effectively without retention. Sandwell college structure has a well furnished glass walls which is both tough and durable compared to the other buildings. Sandwell College depicts a well blended connection between unsymmetrical aspect of the structure and linear module. Sandwell College has a tremendously large architecture that is the largest technical academy of West Bromwich and hence forms the most essential elements of West Bromwich regeneration of Town centre. The seven-storey building used an unusual seed pod reception structure. The lightings and interior trussing are magnificently blended with flamboyant color. Exterior architectural coloring, flooring, walling and roofing systems highlights excellence in structural integrity and style (Mcrma.co.uk, 2017). The graceful Sandwell College has become an iconic structure striking through the posed permanent. Elegance in Architecture makes it a fashion not bounded by time. The structure provides aesthetics an imparted visual identity to the buildings. The performance, behavior and structure of the building provide component faade elements. Structural from having aesthetically appealing driven engineering considerations have been highlighted in Sandwell College. Elegant design although highlighted by The public and The square are less creative, satisfactory, efficient and economical compared to Sandwell College. The college exhibits elegance as well as structural art without having a structural; engineering design. However one thing which is common among The public, The square and Sandwell College is that they exhibit neo futuristic architecture in a town that has majority of the buildings built prior to 90s (Schuppe, 2017). Innovative structure has been blended with charming futuristic desig n for the generation that is cladded in stainless steel as well as built as flattened arch centenary in case of the roofing system for the college. The curved roof of Sandwell College can be compared to that of The Riverside Museum designed by the Zaha Hadid Architects and constructed majorly by BAM Construct UK Ltd. The difference between the roofing system of The Riverside Museum and Sandwell College is that riverside museum has a zig zag linear structure while Sandwell college depicts a parabolic rounded structure. From an aethectic point of view Sandwell college looks better as well as has enhanced water drainage system. The large glazed panels of Sandwell College can be compared to that of fagus shoe factory designed by Walter groups and Alfred Meyer. It highlights a modern construction structure however not an enhanced aesthetically beautiful structure have likes that of Sandwell College. According to Zhu (2013), Jiangsu Provisional museum also highlights similarity with Sandwell College in terms of different sized windows. The Sandwell College depicts non-uniformity of window size and highlights an overall balance between uniform and non-uniform structure. Repetitions of the floor are compared to Rwi University of Zurich. Rwi university of Zurich also repeats floors with a neo futuristic design similar to that of Sandwell College. Structure aesthetics of Sandwell College is comparable to Kings Cross-station of London, which is a Victorian era building. The structural symmetry makes it aesthetically appealing as well as iconic. The Refurbishment of the roof through structural steel makes it look like a reversed waterfall with white grid of steels that swoops up from ground and cascades over the head (Ballantyne, 2013). However, Sandwell College is an unsymmetrical structure that provides aesthetically appealing outlook blending the architectural beauty and unsymmetrical. Birmingham library has beautiful lighting systems with adequate BREEAM standard rating efficiency of the lights. The lighting provides efficient luminescence within the library hall with not too much bright lighting and not too much dull lighting. Lighting systems of Sandwell College can also be compared to that of Birmingham Library with much more efficient BREEAM standards and installations done with precise lighting engineering. Lights withi n the buildings are positioned at strategic locations to effectively light up spaces properly. Flooring of the Sandwell College is well furbished with highly durable strong flooring systems. However, Rwi University of Zurich has a flooring system in which students sit in a hanging oval shaped balcony. As per Ching (2014), each class is positioned on the floor and can be accessible around well. Well communication among the floors is present as well. Another college designed by Bond Bryan architects depicts a linear block model structure. The glazed window can be compared to that of Sandwell College however; the overall architecture does not depict much innovativeness as well as uniqueness (Architectsjournal.co.uk, 2017). Conclusion It can be concluded that as the beauty of snake (serpentine) lies in the twisting and turning of the snake structure, the beauty of Sandwell College also lies in its twisted and turning structure. According to Hale (2015), snake has a passive and aggressive aesthetic attraction that allures danger. The snake resembles both danger as well as beauty perfectly blended into a common body. Sandwell College provides a contrasting depiction of the snake and its serpentine structure of twisting and turning. The structure provides aggression and passivity suggesting a slithery, squirmy and ancient subconscious with modern neo futuristic design concepts. The twisted, turning and wavy AshZip seam roofing system provides both aesthetic as well as characteristics of performance. BBA certified with mobile roll forming units that are efficient in achieve concave and convex curves with a tight radius, a mobile curve technology is incorporated. A radial roof on plan can be if enables attractive archi tectural features such as high quality gauge materials and ease of installation throughout the building life (Kalogirou, 2015). AshZip also provides Sandwell College to incorporate exceptionally attractive and stylish solar PV systems on almost every roof that needs to be refurbished. The mobile roll forming system helps the roof to be rolled on site any time as per the requirements. Judging on the characteristics of Sandwell College, it is found to be much more visually attractive better than the glazing, window size, roofing, flooring, lighting and other elements of architecture. Reference Architectsjournal.co.uk. (2017). Bond Bryan's school conversion of Alsop's The Public [online], Retrieved 3 May, 2017, from https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/bond-bryans-school-conversion-of-alsops-the-public/8672179.article. Ballantyne, A. (Ed.). (2013).What is architecture?. Routledge. Bashir, A. M., Suresh, S., Oloke, D. A., Proverbs, D. G., Gameson, R. (2015). Overcoming the challenges facing lean construction practice in the UK contracting organizations.International Journal of Architecture, Engineering and Construction,4(1), 10-18. Ching, F. D. (2014).Architecture: Form, space, and order. John Wiley Sons. Ching, F. D. (2014).Building construction illustrated. John Wiley Sons. Crinson, M. (2013).Empire building: Orientalism and Victorian architecture. routledge. Dovey, K., Fisher, K. (2014). Designing for adaptation: The school as socio-spatial assemblage.The Journal of Architecture,19(1), 43-63. Hale, J. (2015). The Extended Self: Architecture, Memes and Minds. He, Z., Jiang, W., Schalley, C. A. (2015). Integrative self-sorting: a versatile strategy for the construction of complex supramolecular architecture.Chemical Society Reviews,44(3), 779-789. Kalogirou, S. A. (2015). Building integration of solar renewable energy systems towards zero or nearly zero energy buildings.International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies,10(4), 379-385. Krrholm, M. (2014). Interobjectivity in architectural research and theory: towards a meta-theory of materiality and the effects of architecture and everyday life.The Journal of Architecture,19(1), 64-80. Kim, J., Ong, G. K., Wang, Y., LeBlanc, G., Williams, T. E., Mattox, T. M., ... Milliron, D. J. (2015). Nanocomposite architecture for rapid, spectrally-selective electrochromic modulation of solar transmittance.Nano letters,15(8), 5574-5579. Leatherbarrow, D. (2015).Topographical stories: studies in landscape and architecture. University of Pennsylvania Press. Liou, S. R. (2014). An Analysis and Comparison on lvaro Sizas Architectural Works in Asia.Journal of Architecture,88, 79-104. Mac Ginty, R., Richmond, O. P. (2013). The local turn in peace building: A critical agenda for peace.Third World Quarterly,34(5), 763-783. Marchand, T. (2013).Minaret building and apprenticeship in Yemen. Routledge. Martindale, K. A. (2017). Introduction.The Journal of Architecture,22(1), 1-3. Mcrma.co.uk. (2017). Sandwell College. Retrieved 3 May, 2017, from https://mcrma.co.uk.web18.testurl.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/AL-Sandwell-College-NWS.pdf. Mcrma.co.uk.web18.testurl.co.uk (2017). Sandwell College [online], Retrieved 3 May, 2017, from https://mcrma.co.uk.web18.testurl.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/AL-Sandwell-College-NWS.pdf. Murphy, M., McGovern, E., Pavia, S. (2013). Historic Building Information ModellingAdding intelligence to laser and image based surveys of European classical architecture.ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing,76, 89-102. Schuppe, A. W., Newhouse, T. R. (2017). Assembly of the Limonoid Architecture by a Divergent Approach: Total Synthesis of ()-Andirolide N via ()-8-Hydroxycarapin.Journal of the American Chemical Society,139(2), 631-634. Zhu, Z., Qiu, J., Yan, K., Yang, S. (2013). Building high-efficiency CdS/CdSe-sensitized solar cells with a hierarchically branched double-layer architecture.ACS applied materials interfaces,5(10), 4000-4005.
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